{"id":12270,"date":"2026-10-06T15:14:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T15:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/?p=12270"},"modified":"2026-10-06T15:14:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T15:14:10","slug":"compost-biopesticides-et-agroforesterie-des-solutions-locales-pour-restaurer-durablement-les-sols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/fr\/programs\/extractive-industries\/compost-biopesticides-et-agroforesterie-des-solutions-locales-pour-restaurer-durablement-les-sols\/","title":{"rendered":"Compost, Biopesticides et Agroforesterie : Des Solutions Locales Pour Restaurer Durablement les Sols"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Par Dominique KEGOUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Assistante Programmes RELUFA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fui-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fui-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fui-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fui-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fui.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Photo : Compost en tas dans un Champs \u00e9cole paysan dans le village Wind\u00e9 \u00e0 Ngong      \u00a9RELUFA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les r\u00e9gions septentrionales du Cameroun, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire n\u2019est plus uniquement une question de production agricole. Elle est aujourd\u2019hui menac\u00e9e par de multiples pressions comme les conflits agropastoraux, l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re, les pressions fonci\u00e8res, les migrations massives et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Le projet <strong><em>\u00ab\u00a0Renforcement de l\u2019Engagement des Acteurs Locaux dans la Gouvernance des Ressources Naturelles dans le Septentrion Cameroun\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> (<\/strong>REAL-GRNS), mis en \u0153uvre par les organisations CED, FODER et RELUFA avec le financement de l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne, vise \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019implication des acteurs locaux dans la gouvernance des ressources naturelles dans l\u2019Adamaoua et le nord du Cameroun \u00e0 travers 03 composantes (foncier, mines et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire).\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les observations issues d\u2019une mission dans le cadre du projet<strong> REAL-GRNS<\/strong>, conduite par le <strong>RELUFA<\/strong> entre ao\u00fbt et septembre 2025, mettent en lumi\u00e8re ces d\u00e9fis qui p\u00e8sent sur les communaut\u00e9s locales et la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale. La d\u00e9gradation des sols constitue l\u2019un des principaux freins \u00e0 la productivit\u00e9 agricole dans le Septentrion du Cameroun. L\u2019appauvrissement en mati\u00e8re organique, l\u2019\u00e9rosion, l\u2019usage excessif d\u2019intrants chimiques et la pression d\u00e9mographique fragilisent durablement les syst\u00e8mes de production. Face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, les producteurs red\u00e9couvrent et adaptent des solutions locales, accessibles et durables : le compost, les biopesticides et l\u2019agroforesterie. C\u2019est l\u2019une des ambitions port\u00e9es par le RELUFA dans le cadre du projet REAL-GRNS sous la composante de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, qui promeut une gestion durable des ressources naturelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le compost pour la restauration des sols&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le compostage repose sur la valorisation des r\u00e9sidus agricoles, du fumier et des d\u00e9chets organiques afin de produire un amendement naturel riche en nutriments. Contrairement aux engrais chimiques, qui apportent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs de mani\u00e8re ponctuelle, le compost am\u00e9liore durablement la structure du sol, renforce sa capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention d\u2019eau et stimule l\u2019activit\u00e9 biologique. Dans le contexte actuel marqu\u00e9 par la guerre entre la Russie et l\u2019Ukraine, l\u2019approvisionnement en engrais chimiques est devenu particuli\u00e8rement difficile au Cameroun. Une grande partie de ces intrants \u00e9tait en effet import\u00e9e depuis ces deux pays. Cette situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 une rar\u00e9faction des engrais sur le march\u00e9 et une forte augmentation des prix, rendant leur acc\u00e8s encore plus difficile pour les petits producteurs. Dans ce contexte, le compost appara\u00eet comme une alternative locale et une solution d\u2019adaptation pour les agriculteurs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gr\u00e2ce aux renforcements de capacit\u00e9s organis\u00e9s par le RELUFA et aux subventions octroy\u00e9es aux OSC dans le cadre du projet REAL-GRNS sous la composante s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, les producteurs sont de plus en plus nombreux \u00e0 adopter cette pratique. Sur le terrain, ces producteurs observent de meilleurs plants, une r\u00e9duction du stress hydrique et une am\u00e9lioration progressive des rendements. En p\u00e9riode de variabilit\u00e9 climatique, la capacit\u00e9 du compost \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la structure du sol et \u00e0 retenir l\u2019humidit\u00e9 constitue un atout pour la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes agricoles. Au-del\u00e0 de ses b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, cette pratique contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance des producteurs aux intrants chimiques co\u00fbteux et parfois indisponibles, tout en valorisant les ressources locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les biopesticides pour prot\u00e9ger les cultures sans d\u00e9truire l\u2019environnement&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019utilisation excessive de pesticides chimiques entra\u00eene des impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9 humaine. \u00c0 travers le projet REAL-GRNS, les OSC subventionn\u00e9es dans le Nord et l\u2019Adamaoua comme GEOTECH, ASD, JADD, AJLC et AJDAM encouragent la fabrication et l\u2019utilisation de biopesticides, fabriqu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de ressources locales comme le neem, le piment ou certaines plantes aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9pulsives qui constituent une alternative efficace et moins nocive. Ces pr\u00e9parations naturelles permettent de lutter contre les ravageurs, elles s\u2019inscrivent dans une logique agro\u00e9cologique visant \u00e0 restaurer les \u00e9quilibres naturels plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 les perturber. Les producteurs form\u00e9s \u00e0 ces techniques t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts de production et d\u2019une meilleure qualit\u00e9 des r\u00e9coltes, notamment pour les cultures mara\u00eech\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019agroforesterie&nbsp;: introduction du <em>Faidherbia albida<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019agroforesterie consiste \u00e0 associer arbres et cultures sur une m\u00eame parcelle. Cette pratique traditionnelle revient aujourd\u2019hui au c\u0153ur des strat\u00e9gies de restauration des sols. C\u2019est un pilier soutenu par le projet REAL-GRNS \u00e0 travers les activit\u00e9s de l\u2019OSC KWATAL Network dans le Nord. Certaines esp\u00e8ces comme le <em>Faidherbia albida<\/em> enrichissent naturellement le sol en azote, am\u00e9liorent la couverture v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et prot\u00e8gent contre l\u2019\u00e9rosion. L\u2019int\u00e9gration de cette arbre fertilitaire et protecteur dans les parcelles agricoles permet de restaurer progressivement la fertilit\u00e9, de limiter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9silience climatique. Les arbres contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un microclimat, en r\u00e9duisant l\u2019\u00e9vaporation et en prot\u00e9geant les cultures des vents violents. En plus d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la fertilit\u00e9, l\u2019agroforesterie diversifie les sources de revenus (bois, fruits, fourrage) et renforce la r\u00e9silience des m\u00e9nages face aux chocs climatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le compost, les biopesticides et l\u2019agroforesterie ont un point commun, ils reposent sur des ressources disponibles localement et sur des savoir-faire accessibles aux communaut\u00e9s rurales. Leur adoption progressive t\u00e9moignera d\u2019une \u00e9volution vers des syst\u00e8mes agricoles plus durables, moins d\u00e9pendants des intrants externes et mieux adapt\u00e9s aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s climatiques. Cependant, leur p\u00e9rennisation n\u00e9cessite un accompagnement technique, la s\u00e9curisation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et des sensibilisations sur les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 long terme de ces pratiques. Restaurer la fertilit\u00e9 des sols ne rel\u00e8ve pas uniquement d\u2019une intervention technique ; c\u2019est un processus qui implique changement de pratiques, engagement communautaire et vision \u00e0 long terme. En valorisant ces solutions locales, les producteurs poseront les bases d\u2019une agriculture r\u00e9siliente, durable et respectueuse des ressources naturelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par Dominique KEGOUM Assistante Programmes RELUFA Photo : Compost en tas dans un Champs \u00e9cole paysan dans le village Wind\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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