{"id":12257,"date":"2026-10-06T14:24:06","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T14:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/?p=12257"},"modified":"2026-10-06T14:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T14:24:09","slug":"lexploitation-industriel-de-lor-au-cameroun-risque-de-pillage-des-richesses-nationales-ou-opportunite-pour-le-developpement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/fr\/programs\/extractive-industries\/lexploitation-industriel-de-lor-au-cameroun-risque-de-pillage-des-richesses-nationales-ou-opportunite-pour-le-developpement\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019exploitation Industriel de l\u2019or au Cameroun : risque de pillage des richesses nationales ou opportunit\u00e9 pour le d\u00e9veloppement ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;<a>La transparence, la participation communautaire et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Par Dominique KEGOUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Assistante Programmes RELUFA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le d\u00e9veloppement des projets aurif\u00e8res industriels au Cameroun suscite beaucoup d\u2019attention. Toutefois, derri\u00e8re les investissements et les promesses de croissance se cachent d\u2019importants d\u00e9fis pour les communaut\u00e9s locales, la transparence, l\u2019environnement et la gouvernance du secteur d\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Il est imp\u00e9ratif que l\u2019exploitation de ressources naturelles profite r\u00e9ellement aux populations impact\u00e9es et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les projets de l&rsquo;entreprise Oriole Resources, notamment les permis \u00ab Bibemi Gold Project \u00bb et \u00ab Mb\u00e9 Gold Project \u00bb, montrent \u00e0 la fois le potentiel minier du Cameroun et les d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;exploitation de l&rsquo;or. Pour qu&rsquo;un projet d&rsquo;une telle envergure r\u00e9ussisse \u00e0 favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique local et national, il est essentiel de garantir la transparence, la participation des communaut\u00e9s locales et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont d&rsquo;autant plus importants que le Cameroun fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;exploitation artisanale et semi-m\u00e9canis\u00e9e de l&rsquo;or.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9cents travaux d\u2019exploration men\u00e9s par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Oriole Resources confirment le potentiel aurif\u00e8re consid\u00e9rable du Cameroun. En effet, le gisement de Bibemi, notamment dans la zone de Bakassi 1, renfermerait environ 460 000 onces d\u2019or dans les cat\u00e9gories <a>\u201cIndicated\u201d<\/a> et <a>\u201cInferred\u201d,<\/a> selon les estimations publi\u00e9es par <em>Proactive Investors<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>.( 100 000 onces dans la cat\u00e9gorie \u201cIndicated\u201d \u00a0et 360 000 onces dans la cat\u00e9gorie \u201cInferred\u201d,).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Parall\u00e8lement, pour le permis de Mb\u00e9, les \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9liminaires et les premiers forages laissent entrevoir un potentiel pouvant atteindre 1,34 million d\u2019onces d\u2019or d\u2019apr\u00e8s les informations rapport\u00e9es par <em>Investir au Cameroun<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>. Pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les forages, les \u00e9tudes techniques et les d\u00e9marches pour l\u2019obtention de licences d\u2019exploitation, Oriole Resources a par ailleurs mobilis\u00e9 environ 1,3 milliard FCFA<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> L\u2019ensemble de ces donn\u00e9es montre que, si les projets se concr\u00e9tisent, le Cameroun pourrait devenir un grand acteur de l\u2019or industriel en Afrique centrale, faisant de ce secteur un atout strat\u00e9gique pour le d\u00e9veloppement national si les projets sont bien encadr\u00e9s et les revenues utilis\u00e9es pour le d\u00e9veloppement locale. Ainsi, le potentiel minier aurif\u00e8re peux repr\u00e9senter une opportunit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9ation de richesse, d\u2019emplois et de recettes publiques, \u00e0 condition que son exploitation soit encadr\u00e9e par une gouvernance transparente et une redistribution \u00e9quitable des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019histoire du secteur extractif camerounais, en particulier dans les exploitations artisanales ou semi-m\u00e9canis\u00e9es, r\u00e9v\u00e8le des dynamiques particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupantes. Dans le cadre d\u2019un travail de terrain sur les sites diamantif\u00e8res de l\u2019Est du Cameroun, le RELUFA<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> a constat\u00e9 que 95 % des productions n\u2019\u00e9taient pas trac\u00e9es, \u00e9chappant totalement aux circuits officiels et transitant souvent par des r\u00e9seaux informels, comme le rapporte <em>DataCameroon<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Dans ces m\u00eames zones, pr\u00e8s de 50 % des op\u00e9rateurs n\u2019enregistraient pas leurs productions, et 85 % des sites identifi\u00e9s fonctionnaient sans autorisation d\u2019exploitation artisanale<a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> (AEA). \u00a0Tout ceci repr\u00e9sente non seulement d\u2019importantes pertes financi\u00e8res pour l\u2019\u00c9tat, mais constitue \u00e9galement une injustice pour les communaut\u00e9s locales, qui supportent les cons\u00e9quences environnementales comme la pollution, la destruction des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et les risques pour la sant\u00e9 sans b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des indemnit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques. Ces constats montrent qu\u2019en l\u2019absence de m\u00e9canismes solides de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et de transparence, l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re, y compris industrielle, risque de se transformer en un v\u00e9ritable pillage des ressources nationales plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en un levier de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au Cameroun, le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019industrie aurif\u00e8re offre des opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, mais il pr\u00e9sente aussi de grands risques. Il est donc essentiel de prot\u00e9ger l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public, l\u2019environnement et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la gestion du secteur minier. Pour cela, il faut d\u2019abord \u00eatre transparent : les contrats sign\u00e9s, les quantit\u00e9s d\u2019or extraites, les exportations, ainsi que les taxes et redevances pay\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre rendus publics et accessibles. Ainsi, les communaut\u00e9s locales, les m\u00e9dias et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pourront suivre et comprendre ce qui se passe.&nbsp; Le RELUFA la participation active des populations locales. Elles doivent \u00eatre inform\u00e9es, consult\u00e9es et \u00e9cout\u00e9es avant le d\u00e9but de toute exploitation mini\u00e8re. Cela permettra que les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques et sociaux (comme les emplois et les infrastructures) profitent aussi \u00e0 elles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019environnement et de la sant\u00e9 publique constitue un autre enjeu central, l\u2019exploitation industrielle de l\u2019or pouvant entra\u00eener la pollution, la d\u00e9gradation des sols et la perturbation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ; d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudes d\u2019impact solides, des plans de gestion environnementale et sociale ainsi que des m\u00e9canismes cr\u00e9dibles de r\u00e9habilitation des sites et de suivi. Dans le m\u00eame sens, la lutte contre les circuits clandestins et les fuites de richesses en plaidant pour des m\u00e9canismes de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de l\u2019or, un contr\u00f4le strict des exportations et des audits du secteur minier sont capitales. Renforcer la gouvernance publique demeure indispensable par le respect du cadre r\u00e9glementaire, fiscal et institutionnel, ainsi que l\u2019obligation de rendre des comptes pour les autorit\u00e9s et les entreprises. Ceux sont des conditions incontournables pour faire du secteur de l\u2019or et le minier en g\u00e9n\u00e9rale un levier de d\u00e9veloppement plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un facteur de pr\u00e9dation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur la base des enjeux identifi\u00e9s, le RELUFA formule plusieurs recommandations \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des parties prenantes telles que l\u2019\u00c9tat, les entreprises mini\u00e8res, les communaut\u00e9s, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, les bailleurs et les m\u00e9dias. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019abord pour les pouvoirs publics de publier les contrats miniers ou les conventions d\u2019exploitation afin de rendre accessibles les clauses, les obligations et les modalit\u00e9s de partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Le RELUFA recommande \u00e9galement une transparence des donn\u00e9es d\u2019exploitation, incluant les volumes extraits et export\u00e9s, les revenus, les paiements, les redevances, les taxes et les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.&nbsp;&nbsp; La mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me national de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de l\u2019or et d\u2019autre minerais comme le Diamant depuis l\u2019extraction jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019exportation.&nbsp; La participation effective des communaut\u00e9s impact\u00e9es, notamment \u00e0 travers des consultations pr\u00e9alables, un consentement libre et \u00e9clair\u00e9, une implication dans les d\u00e9cisions et un partage des avantages \u00e9conomiques et sociales est important.&nbsp; Une r\u00e9habilitation et une fermeture syst\u00e9matiques des trous dans les sites, conform\u00e9ment aux obligations l\u00e9gales doivent \u00eatre prise aux s\u00e9rieux. Dans ce contexte, le r\u00e9engagement du Cameroun dans l\u2019Initiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE), afin de respecter les normes de transparence, de reddition de comptes et d\u2019audit public est un bon gage pour la transparence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En somme, le d\u00e9veloppement des projets aurif\u00e8res industriels de Bibemi, Mb\u00e9 et d\u2019autres permis au Cameroun repr\u00e9sente une opportunit\u00e9 pour mobiliser des ressources importantes, renforcer l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale et am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de la population \u00e0 condition qu\u2019il soit men\u00e9 avec transparence, responsabilit\u00e9, respect des droits communautaires et protection de l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Le RELUFA entend continuer pour surveiller, documenter, alerter, proposer des m\u00e9canismes de gouvernance et de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9, et plaider pour que l\u2019exploitation profite d\u2019abord au pays et les populations affect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/1071266\/oriole-resources-upgrades-gold-resources-at-oriole-resources-project-1071266.html\">https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/1071266\/oriole-resources-upgrades-gold-resources-at-oriole-resources-project-1071266.html<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investiraucameroun.com\/mines\/1007-22233-or-de-mbe-oriole-resources-anticipe-un-potentiel-atteignant-1-34-million-d-onces\">https:\/\/www.investiraucameroun.com\/mines\/1007-22233-or-de-mbe-oriole-resources-anticipe-un-potentiel-atteignant-1-34-million-d-onces<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessincameroon.com\/mining\/1711-15347-oriole-resources-raises-cfa1-3bn-to-accelerate-gold-projects-in-cameroon\">https:\/\/www.businessincameroon.com\/mining\/1711-15347-oriole-resources-raises-cfa1-3bn-to-accelerate-gold-projects-in-cameroon<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> En effet, l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re fait l\u2019objet de convoitise dans cette partie du pays&nbsp;. Selon un rapport intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;<strong><em>\u00c9tat des lieux et cartographie des sites diamantif\u00e8res de l\u2019Est Cameroun<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;<\/em>du R\u00e9seau de lutte contre la faim (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.relufa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Relufa<\/a>) publi\u00e9 en mars 2022, dans 95% des sites miniers, notamment diamantif\u00e8res, la production est achet\u00e9e par des acteurs informels en provenance de Batouri, Yokadouma, Bertoua, Yaound\u00e9 et Douala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/datacameroon.com\/exploitation-miniere-95-des-diamants-produits-a-lest-non-traces\/\">https:\/\/datacameroon.com\/exploitation-miniere-95-des-diamants-produits-a-lest-non-traces\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Idem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;La transparence, la participation communautaire et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 Par Dominique KEGOUM Assistante Programmes RELUFA Le d\u00e9veloppement des projets aurif\u00e8res industriels [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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